Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• physiology of the eye are summarized and discussed. Keywords: eye; microneedles; ocular drug delivery; ophthalmic drugs; Review 1 Introduction Since its first appearance in biomedicine, microtechnology is rapidly entering the world of pharmaceutical sciences, including pharmaceutical technology [1][2][3][4

• , research is focused on microneedle systems/patches for ocular drug delivery. Initially, such arrays were considered as painless, non-invasive, and highly efficient alternative for transdermal, intradermal, and percutaneous delivery of drugs [8][101][102]. Recently, it has been found that they can be

• microneedle coating are depicted in Figure 3 [171]. 3 An overview of microneedle systems for ocular drug delivery Considering the construction and the mechanism of action, four types of MNs used to deliver a drug to the eye can be distinguished in the scientific literature: (i) Solid MNs, used mostly for